Lumps, swelling and pain in the testicles and scrotum
Lumps and swelling in your testicles are fairly common and, in most cases, the cause is not serious. But if you have lumps, swelling or pain you should see your healthcare provider.
When to see your healthcare provider
You should see your healthcare provider if you have:
- a lump in your testicles — this can be a sign of testicular cancer and this is easier to treat when it is found early
- red or swollen testicles
- a change in the shape or feel of your testicles
- an ongoing ache, pain or discomfort in your testicles.
Pain in the testicles can be caused by an infection in the testicles or any of the possible causes described here.
Twisted testicle (testicular torsion)
It is possible for a testicle to turn around inside the scrotum. This can cause severe pain in your scrotum and lower abdomen (belly). It can also cause you to feel sick (nauseous) and to get a swollen testicle.
Causes of twisted testicles
A twisted testicle is sometimes caused by:
- injury
- being in cold temperatures
- vigorous exercise.
Your healthcare provider may be able to treat this problem by untwisting your testicle. In severe cases, you will need surgery.
Epididymal cyst (spermatocele)
This is a collection of fluid (called a cyst) inside your epididymis, which is the tube that stores and transports sperm. These cysts are very common, usually painless and most often do not cause any problems.
If they get large, they can be uncomfortable. You may need surgery if you have a large cyst.
Hydrocele
Hydrocele is a collection of fluid in your scrotum that causes swelling. It is often painless and not dangerous. If it gets large, it can cause an ache or feeling of heaviness in your scrotum.
A hydrocele usually goes away by itself. But if it gets very large or painful, your healthcare provider may recommend surgery to remove the fluid.
Varicocele
Varicocele is a swelling of a vein or veins in your scrotum. It is caused by the valves in the veins not working properly. It is similar to a varicose vein. You can have a varicocele in one or both testicles.
You may often have no symptoms. If you have problems such as aching or discomfort, the varicocele can be treated by embolization. This is a medical procedure that redirects the blood flow away from the varicocele.
