Enlarged breasts in men (gynaecomastia)
Gynaecomastia (sometimes called man boobs) is when a boy's or man's breasts get larger than is usual for males. It is quite common and happens most often in teenage boys and older men. It can happen in one or both of a man's breasts.
Causes of enlarged breasts in men
Hormone changes are the main cause of enlarged breasts in men.
All men have estrogen as well as testosterone in their bodies. At times, these levels will vary and can lead to breast enlargement as an effect of the estrogen. This can happen during puberty but does not usually cause a long-lasting change. For older men, having less testosterone means they are more likely to have breast changes.
Being an unhealthy weight can also cause high estrogen levels. This can increase breast size. Losing weight through a combination of eating well and regular physical activity can help reduce body fat. This can decrease oestrogen levels, which may lead to a reduction in breast size.
Heavy use of alcohol and marijuana can cause enlarged breasts in men. If you are a heavy user of either of these substances, quitting may reduce your breast size. If you need help doing this, talk to your healthcare provider.
Some medications can cause enlarged breasts in men. Check with your healthcare provider if you are on regular medication.
It can be caused by other health conditions, such as liver or kidney disease or a genetic condition, but this is rare.
Symptoms of enlarged breasts in men
Symptoms of enlarged breasts in men may include:
- pain in your breasts
- swollen breasts
- tender breasts
- sensitive nipples.
Enlarged breasts might also impact your mental health.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or are concerned about your breasts, talk to your healthcare provider.
A lump or lumps in your breast is not a symptom of gynecomastia. If you feel a lump, visit your healthcare provider for an examination.
Diagnosing enlarged breasts in men
If you are concerned about your breasts, talk to your healthcare provider. They can examine you and, if needed, suggest treatment.
Treating enlarged breasts in men
The condition can get better over time with no treatment. This is especially the case for:
- teenage boys, who may grow out of it as their bodies change
- people of an unhealthy weight or heavy users of alcohol or marijuana — in this case, lifestyle changes may help.
For some men, surgery to reduce the size of male breasts is an option. Surgery will remove excess fat, glandular tissue or skin. This can be:
- for cosmetic or psychological reasons
- to treat discomfort.
Smokers who have surgery do not heal as well. Your surgeon will encourage you to stop smoking and may not be prepared to proceed until you do.
It is important to have realistic expectations about what the surgery can do for you. The final result can lead to greater self-confidence. But it may not match the image of how you would like your chest to look.