Floods and health
Floodwaters can carry bugs that cause disease from the ground surface, septic tanks and sewerage systems.
What to do during a flood
During flooding, listen to your local radio stations for civil defence advice and follow instructions.
Afterwards, it is important to make sure your food and water are not contaminated and to clean up, drain and dry out the house as quickly as possible.
Food safety after a flood
Floodwaters can carry bugs that that can contaminate food.
Salvaging food items and utensils
- Wash cooking, eating, and any other kitchen utensils that have been covered by floodwater in hot soapy water. Rinse thoroughly in safe water, then disinfect by immersing for one minute in a solution of 500 ml (about 2 cups) of plain, unperfumed household bleach in 10 litres of water. Rinse again in safe water. You can also boil all utensils for one minute and let cool.
- Destroy all unpackaged food and food items packed in paper, cardboard or non-waterproof material that have been exposed directly to the floodwater.
- Get rid of all foods needing refrigeration when they have been unrefrigerated for more than 2 hours.
- If the power has been off to the freezer for more than 2 days, get rid of all thawed food.
- Save foods in waterproof, airtight containers, such as tins, that have been in floodwater, but make sure they are thoroughly cleaned before opening. Wash and scrub in warm water with soap or detergent, then rinse in clean water. Or soak for at least one minute in a solution of 500 ml (2 cups) of plain, unperfumed household bleach mixed with 10 litres of water, then rinse in clean water from a safe supply.
- Write on the contents of tins if labels are damaged so that you know what is inside them.
- Wash and disinfect your can opener before using.
- Throw out the contents of bottles with crown tops and crimped or screw caps if water rose above the neck of the bottle. It is safer to get rid of all home preserves, as these are a higher risk than commercial items.
- Do not use packaged or canned food if it has been punctured or is bulging or leaking or the top has popped up. Throw out any canned foods dented on the side or along the top or bottom seams.
- Cook all food thoroughly and eat immediately. Cook only enough for each meal. Do not save leftovers.
- If in doubt, throw it out.
Gathering food
- Do not eat garden produce if the soil has been flooded. Clean up and remove debris and sprinkle gardens with lime.
- Do not eat shellfish from the river mouth or harbour after a flood.
Water safety after a flood
- If you are on town supply, flush your water pipes by turning the taps on and running until the water is clear.
- If your water tank is affected by floodwater, get rid of the water — it may be polluted. Clean the tank out and disinfect it. Boil water before drinking.
- If you use bore water that may have been affected, pump the bore to waste for 24 hours. If the bore is under water, do not pump.
- If your water comes from a well that may have been affected, mix 2.5 litres of plain, unperfumed household bleach with 45 litres of water and pour down the well. Replace the well cover and turn on each tap until there is a smell of chlorine in the water. Turn off the tap, but do not use the water for 8 hours. Then open all taps and flush out the chlorine.
Dealing with flood damage
Restoring a house after flooding
Soon after heavy rains have stopped and waters have drained off the ground surface, sewers will generally return to normal function. It is important to clean up, drain and dry out the house as quickly as possible.
- Take photos of the damage before starting the clean-up.
- Take out everything that is wet and that can be moved, for example, floor coverings, furniture, bedding, clothing, and put them outside to dry when the weather is fine.
- Get rid of mattresses and other large items that have been soaked with floodwater. Foam rubber mattress or pillows may be able to be washed, disinfected and dried in the open air.
- Get rid of contaminated clothing, carpets, upholstered furniture, toys and bedding unless they can be cleaned and disinfected.
- Check for trapped water and mud in wall cavities, as well as under shower trays, baths, benches and bottom shelves. You may have to chisel out some bricks at the bottom of brick veneer walls.
- Remove skirting, if necessary, and cut out softened plaster board in damaged areas. Consult an expert such as an insurance assessor or builder.
- Use heaters, for example, hot air blowers for under-floor space, but open all doors and windows.
- Replace things such as wall linings and floor coverings only after things have dried out.
- Leave redecorating for at least 3 months after finishing the repairs to prevent risk of mould, blistering and peeling.
- Do not light fires in brick fireplaces for at least 2 weeks, and then use only small fires until the firebricks have dried out.
- Consult an engineer if there are signs that the house has moved on its foundations, for example, buckled floors, new cracks in walls, out of shape door frames.
Cleaning out a basement after flooding
- Check all floor drains in the basement to see that they are clear of debris and drain away water under the house. Try to increase the airflow to speed drying.
- Drain any surface pools by pumping or bailing.
- Wash or flush down walls, shelves and floors with clear water and sweep to remove contaminated water and sediment.
- Use a solution of one litre of household bleach in 10 litres of water to rinse down walls, floors and other equipment. Leave on for 30 minutes before rinsing with clear water. Keep windows open during this treatment.
- Use plenty of hot water and soap or dishwashing detergent for the final clean-up of walls, floors, cupboards etc.
- Ventilate area by opening all windows or use fans, if power is available.
- Use a commercial deodoriser, if necessary, to remove any remaining smells.
After a flood — factsheets
Information on managing after a flood in te reo Māori, English, NZSL, Braille, Cook Islands Maori, Fijian, Samoan, Tongan, audio and large print.
Some of these factsheets mention Cyclone Gabrielle. While they were written after the cyclone, the advice on the sheets is useful after any storm or flood.
- Precautions around silt (PDF, 773 KB) [PDF, 773 KB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (PDF, 1.1 MB) [PDF, 1.1 MB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (PDF, 767 KB) [PDF, 767 KB]
- Making your drinking water safe (PDF, 3.8 MB) [PDF, 3.8 MB]
- Returning home after a flood (PDF, 774 KB) [PDF, 774 KB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (PDF, 840 KB) [PDF, 840 KB] [PDF, 799 KB]
- Sewage disposal (PDF, 799 KB) [PDF, 799 KB]
- Precautions around silt (PDF, 132 KB) [DOCX, 58 KB]
- Precautions around silt (DOCX, 58 KB) [PDF, 132 KB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (PDF, 233 KB) [DOCX, 88 KB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (DOCX, 88 KB) [PDF, 233 KB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (PDF, 138 KB) [DOCX, 59 KB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (DOCX, 59 KB) [PDF, 138 KB]
- Making your water safe (PDF, 137 KB) [DOCX, 59 KB]
- Making your water safe (DOCX, 59 KB) [PDF, 137 KB]
- Returning home after a flood (PDF, 144 KB) [DOCX, 61 KB]
- Returning home after a flood (DOCX, 61 KB) [PDF, 144 KB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (PDF, 146 KB) [DOCX, 61 KB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (DOCX, 61 KB) [PDF, 146 KB]
- Precautions around silt (MP3, 726 KB) [MP3, 726 KB]
- Precautions around silt (WAV, 5.2 MB) [WAV, 5.2 MB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (MP3, 1.6 MB) [MP3, 1.6 MB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (WAV, 12 MB) [WAV, 12 MB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (MP3, 1.1 MB) [MP3, 1.1 MB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (WAV, 8.1 MB) [WAV, 8.1 MB]
- Making your water safe (MP3, 957 KB) [MP3, 957 KB]
- Making your water safe (WAV, 6.9 MB) [WAV, 6.9 MB]
- Returning home after a flood (MP3, 2.2 MB) [MP3, 2.2 MB]
- Returning home after a flood (WAV, 16 MB) [WAV, 16 MB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (MP3, 2.6 MB) [MP3, 2.6 MB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (WAV, 19 MB) [WAV, 19 MB]
Note: These booklets were produced after Cyclone Gabrielle. They have a lot of information relating to this particular emergency. However, they are also still useful for general flood-related information.
- Te tiaki i tōu hauora me te toiora whai muri i te waipuke, huripari rānei — Te Matau-a-Māui (DOCX, 640 KB) [DOCX, 640 KB]
- Te tiaki i tōu hauora me te toiora whai muri i te waipuke, huripari rānei — Tairāwhiti (DOCX, 433 KB) [DOCX, 432 KB]
- Precautions around silt (BRF, 2 KB) [BRF, 2 KB]
- Food safety in the home after a flood (BRF, 4 KB) [BRF, 4 KB]
- Looking after your health after a flood (BRF, 3 KB) [BRF, 3 KB]
- Making your water safe (BRF, 2 KB) [BRF, 2 KB]
- Returning home after a flood (BRF, 5 KB) [BRF, 5 KB]
- Rural health advice after a flood (BRF, 6 KB) [BRF, 6 KB]
- Sewage disposal (BRF, 3 KB) [BRF, 3 KB]
- Te au ‘akamatakite‘anga no runga i te vari marō o te vai puke (PDF, 723 KB) [PDF, 723 KB]
- Te meitaki o te kai i roto i te ngutu‘are (PDF 758 KB) [PDF, 758 KB]
- Te ‘ākono‘anga i to‘ou ora‘anga kōpapa i muri ake i te au puke‘anga vai (PDF, 729 KB) [PDF, 729 KB]
- Te ma`ani`anga i to`ou vai kia ponuiā`au (PDF, 755 KB) [PDF, 755 KB]
- Te ‘oki‘anga ki te kainga, i muri ake i teta‘i vai-puke (PDF, 732 KB) [PDF, 732 KB]
- Arataki‘anga no runga i te ora‘anga i va‘o ake i te ‘oire, i muri ake i teta‘i puke‘anga vai (PDF, 788 KB) [PDF, 788 KB]
- Te ‘akaātea‘anga sewage (PDF, 739 KB) [PDF, 739 KB]
- Qarauna na kuvu ni deni waluvu, soso se na qele (PDF, 723 KB) [PDF, 723 KB]
- Qarauni ni kakana e vale (PDF, 756 KB) [PDF, 756 KB]
- Qarauni ni nomu bula ni oti na waluvu (PDF, 728 KB) [PDF, 728 KB]
- Me taqomaki na nomu wai (PDF, 754 KB) [PDF, 754 KB]
- Lesu i vale ni oti na waluvu (PDF, 730 KB) [PDF, 730 KB]
- iVakasala ni bula ena veikoro ni oti na waluvu (PDF, 786 KB) [PDF, 786 KB]
- Benu ni valelailai (PDF, 736 KB) [PDF, 736 KB]
- Faaeteete i le pefu mai faaputuga palapala, pala ma le palapala (PDF, 722 KB) [PDF, 722 KB]
- Saogalemu o meaai i le fale (PDF, 754 KB) [PDF, 754 KB]
- Tausiga o lou soifua maloloina i le uma ai o lologa (PDF, 728 KB) [PDF, 728 KB]
- Faiga e tausisia ai le saogalemu o suavai (PDF, 753 KB) [PDF, 753 KB]
- Toe foi ai i le fale pe a uma se lologa (PDF, 731 KB) [PDF, 731 KB]
- Fautuaga faalesoifua maloloina mo tagata tau mamao mai le taulaga i le uma ai o lologa (PDF, 786 KB) [PDF, 786 KB]
- Lafoaia otaota o tagata (PDF, 738 KB) [PDF, 738 KB]
- Ngaahi faka‘ehi‘ehi fekau‘aki mo e ‘oné (PDF, 725 KB) [PDF, 725 KB]
- Malu ‘a e me‘atokoní ‘i ‘api (PDF, 757 KB) [PDF, 757 KB]
- Ko hono tokanga‘i ‘o ho‘o mo‘ui leleí hili ‘a e ngaahi tāfeá (PDF, 729 KB) [PDF, 729 KB]
- Ko hono ngaohi ke malu ‘a ho’o vaí (PDF, 756 KB) [PDF, 756 KB]
- Ko e foki ki ‘apí hili ha tāfea (PDF, 732 KB) [PDF, 732 KB]
- Fale‘i ki he mo‘ui leleí ki he ngaahi feitu‘u ‘i ‘utá hili ha tāfea (PDF, 787 KB) [PDF, 787 KB]
- Faka‘auha ‘o e veve meí he ngaahi falemālōloó (sewage) (PDF, 740 KB) [PDF, 740 KB]