Fibroid embolisation
Fibroid embolisation is a procedure used to shrink fibroids — non-cancerous growths in the womb (uterus). It is a minimally invasive treatment performed by an interventional radiologist. The procedure is done while you are awake with pain relief and sedation. It blocks the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink over time. You will usually stay in the hospital overnight.
How fibroid embolisation works
Tiny particles are injected through a catheter to block the blood flow to the fibroids. Without blood, the fibroids shrink by about 40–50% over 3 to 6 months. You should notice your symptom improve after having 2 to 3 periods (menstrual cycles).
Before having fibroid embolisation
- You may need an MRI scan to look at your fibroids.
- The interventional radiologist will explain the procedure and answer any questions.
- You will be prepared for the procedure with blood tests, an IV line for pain relief, and compression stockings to prevent blood clots.
During fibroid embolisation
- A local anaesthetic is used to numb the area where the catheter is inserted.
- The catheter is guided to the artery supplying the fibroids.
- Tiny particles are injected to block blood flow.
- The procedure takes about 60 to 90 minutes.
After fibroid embolisation
- You will return to the ward with pain relief and medication.
- You will stay in bed for 4–6 hours before getting up.
- Your vital signs and the catheter site will be monitored.
Recovering at home
- You will need to rest for at least 2 weeks and take 2 to 3 weeks off work to recover.
- You can start light exercise in 3 to 5 days but no heavy exercise for 2 weeks.
- You may have mild fever, pain, feel very tired (fatigue), feel sick (nausea), throw up (vomiting) for a few days.
- Your period may be irregular for a while but should settle within a month.
- Use sanitary pads and not tampons for 2 weeks.
- Avoid having sex for 2 weeks.
- You may have a discharge from your vagina which can last up to 4 weeks. See your healthcare provider if it continues after 6 weeks.
Follow-up care
- You will have a follow-up with your interventional radiologist in 3 to 5 weeks.
- Your gynaecologist will check on your progress in 4 to 6 months.
- You may have an ultrasound scan at 6 months to check to see the procedure has worked.
Risks of fibroid embolisation
- There is a small risk (1 to 2%) you might need a hysterectomy if you get an infection.
- There is a very small risk (3 to 4%) of early menopause. This increases if you are over 45.
- There is a small risk that you may need a second procedure under a general anaesthesia.
When to seek medical advice
Contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible if you have:
- severe pain
- fever
- swelling
- any unusual symptoms.