Thrombophlebitis

Most thrombophlebitis is caused by:

• venous insufficiency — when the walls of your leg veins are weak and the valves are damaged
• varicose veins — enlarged and twisted veins.

Varicose veins

Venous insufficiency

Other things that can increase the chances of you getting thrombophlebitis include:

• being inactive for long periods such as after an injury or operation
• having a current or previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• having a blood clotting disorder
• having family members who have had blood clots in their veins
• having higher than normal levels of estrogen due to being pregnant, taking birth control pills or using menopause hormone therapy — MHT (previously known as hormone replacement therapy — HRT)
• being an unhealthy weight
• having an injury to a vein.

Thrombophlebitis usually happens in your legs, although it can affect other veins. It affects your shallow (superficial) veins and is different to a deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

If you have thrombophlebitis, the affected area may be:

• warm
• red
• swollen
• sore or tender.

Your healthcare provider will usually diagnose thrombophlebitis from the appearance of the affected area and your symptoms.

If they suspect that you might have a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as well as thrombophlebitis, they may refer you for an ultrasound test.

Treatment options for thrombophlebitis include:

• keeping your leg raised when resting — but walking can help too so try to keep active
• warm or cold compresses on the leg to reduce pain and inflammation
• taking an anti-inflammatory medicine such as ibuprofen — ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if it is safe for you
• wearing compression stockings.

Compression stockings

With these treatments, most people with thrombophlebitis find it feels much better within a week.

A small number of people with thrombophlebitis need blood-thinning medicines.

Occasionally, the leg gets infected, and you will need to take antibiotics.

You cannot control all risk factors, but lifestyle changes can help you lower some risks. This means:

• stopping smoking
• keeping active
• drinking enough fluids (staying hydrated )
• maintaining a healthy weight
• avoiding standing for long periods.